NASA unveils model of LISA, a satellite array for studying ripples in space-time

NASA Space Technology

NASA has released new images of the full-scale prototypes of six telescopes slated to observe some of the universe’s tiniest fluctuations. On October 22, the agency showed off mock-ups of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), a European Space Agency-led project slated to embark on its mission around 2035. While not the final working equipment meant to measure gravitational waves, the mock-up offers glimpses of a design that will likely resemble the machine array destined to help astronomers discover potentially groundbreaking insights into the universe and its origins.

NASA Space Technology A close view of a prototype LISA telescope. — A closer view of the full-scale prototype LISA telescope in a clean room at NASA Goddard. The telescope’s translucent, amber-colored material glows as an engineer behind it inspects the structure with a flashlight. A gold-coated mirror, near center, reflects a magnified image of part of the telescope. Credit: NASA / Dennis Henry Denny Henry

NASA Space Technology Clean room technicians move a prototype LISA telescope. Credit: NASA / Dennis Henry — On May 20, the full-scale Engineering Development Unit Telescope for the LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) mission, still in its shipping frame, was moved within a clean room at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Credit: NASA / Dennis Henry Denny Henry

In about a decade’s time, three carefully arranged spacecraft, each containing two telescopes, are slated to begin firing infrared laser beams 1.6 million miles between one another to measure the effects of cosmic gravitational waves. The ESA and NASA hope LISA will reveal new information from ripples in spacetime that span just trillionths of a meter. The intricacies of supermassive black holes, binary star collisions, and even the universe’s earliest moments may reside in LISA’s data—but before that, NASA needs to make sure their overall designs are flawless.

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On Wednesday, the agency showed off its mock-ups of the LISA spacecraft, called the Engineering Development Unit Telescope. Ryan DeRosa, a researcher at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, explained in an accompanying statement that the “prototype… will guide us as we work toward building the flight hardware.”

NASA Space Technology An ESA fnfographic provides information on gravitational waves and how the LISA mission will measure them using laser beams and free-floating cubes. Credit: ESA / ATG Medialab — *An ESA fnfographic provides information on gravitational waves and how the LISA mission will measure them using laser beams and free-floating cubes. Credit: ESA / ATG Medialab*

While each spacecraft will ultimately contain a solid, gold-platinum cube to help reflect laser beams traveling distances wider than the Sun, NASA commissioned its Engineering Development Unit Telescope on a smaller budget. The prototype is constructed entirely from an amber-hued glass-ceramic composite known as Zerodur and sourced from Germany. Meanwhile, the equipment telescope’s primary mirror is still coated in gold to help reflect the lasers while reducing heat loss—according to NASA, the telescope needs to counter deep space’s harsh environment, since it operates best when at room temperature.

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There are still a few years until LISA launches aboard an Ariane 6 rocket from the ESA’s spaceport in French Guiana. Even so, full-scale test-builds like NASA’s Engineering Development Unit Telescope help ensure the actual spacecraft will be best equipped to aid experts in studying some of the most delicate forces in the universe.