Six New Species of Carnivorous Sponges Discovered in Australian Waters

Using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), marine biologists have discovered six new species of carnivorous sponges in the family Cladorhizidae from the western continental margin of Australia.

Cladorhizidae is a family of carnivorous sponges found at oceanic ridges and seamount systems worldwide.

Typically considered deep-sea sponges, these creatures are known for capturing prey with specialized structures.

The latest discovery brings the known fauna of Cladorhizidae in Australian waters to 41.

The new species include: Abyssocladia janus, Abyssocladia johnhooperi, Abyssocladia dawn, Axoniderma challengeri, Cladorhiza vanessaekinsand Nullarbora ningalooa.

They were collected from two deep-sea localities in Western Australia, separated by almost a thousand kilometers.

Abyssocladia janus was discovered in the Bremer Canyon system, while the other five in Cape Range Canyon.

“These new-to-science species enhance our knowledge of the Cladorhizidae family and highlight the importance of ongoing exploration and conservation of marine biodiversity,” said Queensland Museum CEO Dr. Jim Thompson.

“Describing and researching these new species of carnivorous sponges provides critical insights into the complex marine ecosystems along the Queensland coastline, highlighting the biodiversity across regions and the importance of conservation efforts.”

Traditionally, carnivorous sponges were collected for scientific study by trawling the ocean floor, but recent advances in ROV technology have revolutionized researchers’ ability to study these fascinating organisms in their natural habitats.

This latest discovery was made during deep-sea expeditions conducted by the Schmidt Ocean Institute, utilising their ROV the SuBastian to explore the rich biodiversity of Western Australia’s underwater landscapes.

“During the expeditions I was able to direct the ROV remotely from my desk at the museum,” said Dr. Merrick Ekins, collection manager of sessile marine invertebrates at the Queensland Museum.

“Our research underscores the importance of deep-sea exploration and the role of technological advancements in uncovering marine biodiversity.”

“These sponges showcase the incredible adaptability of life in extreme environments and challenge our understanding of marine ecosystems.”

“The implications of these discoveries extend beyond mere classification; they highlight the necessity of protecting these fragile ecosystems, which are under threat from climate change and human activity.”

The team’s paper was published in the journal Scientific Reports.

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M. Ekins & N.G. Wilson. 2024. New carnivorous sponges (Porifera: Cladorhizidae) from Western Australia, collected by a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV). Sci Rep 14, 22173; two: 10.1038/s41598-024-72917-8